First, the expansion of the ice shelf frontal coastline was simulated according to ice velocity following this, the calved areas, which are considered to be the differences between the simulated coastline, were manually delineated, and the actual coastline was derived from the corresponding satellite imagery, based on multisource optical and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. In this study, a 15-year annual iceberg calving product measuring every independent calving event larger than 1 km 2 over all of the Antarctic ice shelves that occurred from August 2005 to August 2020 was developed based on 16 years of continuous satellite observations. Iceberg calving from entire ice shelves for short time intervals or from specific ice shelves for long time intervals has been monitored before, but there is still a lack of consistent, long-term, and high-precision records on independent calving events for all of the Antarctic ice shelves. Fine-scale calving variability observations can help reveal the calving mechanisms and identify the principal processes that influence how the changing climate affects global sea level through the ice shelf buttressing effect on the Antarctic ice sheet. Iceberg calving is the main process that facilitates the dynamic mass loss of ice sheets into the ocean, which accounts for approximately half of the mass loss of the Antarctic ice sheet.
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